Ci gaba da Bambancin 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
Tun lokacin da aka fara fitar da Wi-Fi ga masu amfani a shekarar 1997, ma'aunin Wi-Fi yana ci gaba da canzawa, yawanci yana ƙara sauri da faɗaɗa ɗaukar hoto. Yayin da aka ƙara ayyuka zuwa ma'aunin IEEE 802.11 na asali, an sake duba su ta hanyar gyare-gyaren da aka yi masa (802.11b, 802.11g, da sauransu).
802.11b 2.4GHz
802.11b yana amfani da mitar 2.4 GHz iri ɗaya da ma'aunin 802.11 na asali. Yana goyan bayan matsakaicin saurin ka'ida na 11 Mbps da kewayon har zuwa ƙafa 150. Abubuwan haɗin 802.11b ba su da arha, amma wannan ma'aunin yana da mafi girma da kuma mafi jinkirin gudu a cikin duk ƙa'idodin 802.11. Kuma saboda 802.11b yana aiki a 2.4 GHz, kayan aikin gida ko wasu hanyoyin sadarwa na Wi-Fi na 2.4 GHz na iya haifar da tsangwama.
802.11a 5GHz OFDM
An fitar da sigar "a" da aka gyara ta wannan ma'auni a lokaci guda tare da 802.11b. Tana gabatar da wata fasaha mai rikitarwa da ake kira OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) don samar da siginar mara waya. 802.11a tana ba da wasu fa'idodi fiye da 802.11b: tana aiki a cikin ƙaramin mita 5 GHz kuma saboda haka ba ta da sauƙin shiga tsakani. Kuma bandwidth ɗinta ya fi 802.11b girma, tare da matsakaicin ka'ida na 54 Mbps.
Wataƙila ba ka taɓa cin karo da na'urori ko na'urorin sadarwa na 802.11a da yawa ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda na'urorin 802.11b sun fi araha kuma suna ƙara shahara a kasuwar masu amfani. Ana amfani da 802.11a galibi don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.
802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
Ma'aunin 802.11g yana amfani da fasahar OFDM iri ɗaya da 802.11a. Kamar 802.11a, yana tallafawa matsakaicin saurin ka'ida na 54 Mbps. Duk da haka, kamar 802.11b, yana aiki a cikin cunkoson mitoci na 2.4 GHz (saboda haka yana fama da matsalolin tsangwama iri ɗaya da 802.11b). 802.11g yana dacewa da na'urorin 802.11b: na'urorin 802.11b na iya haɗawa zuwa wuraren shiga 802.11g (amma a saurin 802.11b).
Da 802.11g, masu amfani da intanet sun sami ci gaba sosai a saurin da kuma ɗaukar hoto na Wi-Fi. A halin yanzu, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarni na baya na samfura, na'urorin sadarwa na zamani na wayar salula suna ƙara kyau, tare da ƙarin ƙarfi da kuma ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto.
802.11n (WiFi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Tare da ma'aunin 802.11n, Wi Fi ya zama mai sauri da aminci. Yana tallafawa matsakaicin saurin watsawa na ka'ida na 300 Mbps (har zuwa 450 Mbps lokacin amfani da eriya uku). 802.11n yana amfani da MIMO (Mai yawan shigarwa da fitarwa da yawa), inda masu watsawa/masu karɓa da yawa ke aiki a lokaci guda a ƙarshen ɗaya ko duka biyun hanyar haɗin. Wannan na iya ƙara bayanai sosai ba tare da buƙatar babban bandwidth ko ƙarfin watsawa ba. 802.11n na iya aiki a cikin tashoshin mita 2.4 GHz da 5 GHz.
802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
802.11ac yana haɓaka Wi-Fi, tare da saurin gudu daga 433 Mbps zuwa gigabits da yawa a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya. Don cimma wannan aikin, 802.11ac yana aiki ne kawai a cikin ma'aunin mita na 5 GHz, yana tallafawa har zuwa rafukan sarari guda takwas (idan aka kwatanta da rafukan 802.11n guda huɗu), yana ninka faɗin tashar zuwa 80 MHz, kuma yana amfani da fasaha da ake kira beamforming. Tare da beamforming, eriya na iya aika siginar rediyo, don haka suna nuna kai tsaye zuwa takamaiman na'urori.
Wani babban ci gaba na 802.11ac shine Multi User (MU-MIMO). Duk da cewa MIMO tana jagorantar kwararar ruwa da yawa zuwa ga abokin ciniki ɗaya, MU-MIMO na iya jagorantar kwararar ruwa zuwa ga abokan ciniki da yawa a lokaci guda. Duk da cewa MU-MIMO ba ta ƙara saurin kowane abokin ciniki ɗaya ba, tana iya inganta yawan bayanai na hanyar sadarwa gaba ɗaya.
Kamar yadda kake gani, aikin Wi-Fi yana ci gaba da haɓakawa, tare da yuwuwar gudu da aiki suna kusantowa da saurin wayoyi
802.11ax Wi-Fi 6
A shekarar 2018, ƙungiyar WiFi Alliance ta ɗauki matakai don sauƙaƙa gane da fahimtar sunayen WiFi na yau da kullun. Za su canza ma'aunin 802.11ax mai zuwa zuwa WiFi6
Wi-Fi 6, ina 6 yake?
Alamomin aiki da dama na Wi-Fi sun haɗa da nisan watsawa, saurin watsawa, ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa, da tsawon lokacin batirin. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da kuma lokaci, buƙatun mutane na sauri da bandwidth suna ƙara ƙaruwa.
Akwai jerin matsaloli a cikin hanyoyin haɗin Wi-Fi na gargajiya, kamar cunkoson hanyar sadarwa, ƙaramin ɗaukar hoto, da buƙatar canza SSIDs akai-akai.
Amma Wi Fi 6 zai kawo sabbin canje-canje: yana inganta amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto na na'urori, yana tallafawa daidaiton saurin mai amfani da yawa, kuma yana iya nuna ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayin mai amfani, yayin da kuma yana kawo nisan watsawa mai tsawo da ƙimar watsawa mafi girma.
Gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da magabata, fa'idar Wi Fi 6 ita ce "dual high da dual low":
Babban gudu: Godiya ga gabatar da fasahohi kamar uplink MU-MIMO, 1024QAM modulation, da 8 * 8MIMO, matsakaicin saurin Wi Fi 6 zai iya kaiwa 9.6Gbps, wanda aka ce yayi kama da saurin bugun jini.
Babban damar shiga: Mafi mahimmancin ci gaban Wi Fi 6 shine rage cunkoso da kuma ba da damar ƙarin na'urori su haɗu da hanyar sadarwa. A halin yanzu, Wi Fi 5 na iya sadarwa da na'urori huɗu a lokaci guda, yayin da Wi Fi 6 zai ba da damar sadarwa da na'urori har zuwa da dama a lokaci guda. Wi Fi 6 kuma yana amfani da fasahar OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) da fasahar beamforming siginar tashoshi da yawa da aka samo daga 5G don inganta ingancin Spectral da ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa bi da bi.
Ƙarancin Latency: Ta hanyar amfani da fasahohi kamar OFDMA da SpatialReuse, Wi Fi 6 yana bawa masu amfani da yawa damar watsawa a layi ɗaya a cikin kowane lokaci, yana kawar da buƙatar yin layi da jira, rage gasa, inganta inganci, da rage latency. Daga 30ms don Wi Fi 5 zuwa 20ms, tare da matsakaicin raguwar latency na 33%.
Ƙarancin amfani da makamashi: TWT, wata sabuwar fasaha a cikin Wi Fi 6, tana ba AP damar yin shawarwari kan sadarwa da tashoshi, rage lokacin da ake buƙata don kula da watsawa da neman sigina. Wannan yana nufin rage yawan amfani da baturi da inganta rayuwar baturi, wanda ke haifar da raguwar amfani da wutar lantarki da kashi 30%.
Tun daga shekarar 2012 | Samar da kwamfutocin masana'antu na musamman ga abokan ciniki na duniya!
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-12-2023
